Abstract We bombarded $$\mbox{$\text{Cu}_{3}\text{Pd}(111)$}$$ Cu 3 Pd ( 111 ) and $$\mbox{$\text{Cu}_{3}\text{Pt}(111)$}$$ Cu 3 Pt ( 111 ) with a 2. 3 eV hyperthermal oxygen molecular beam (HOMB) source. and characterized the corresponding (oxide) surfaces with synchrotron-radiation X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (SR-XPS). At $$300\. https://chefesquipmenters.shop/product-category/dunnage-racks/