In-wheel direct drive (IWDD) of electric vehicles (EVs). which simplifies the transmission system and facilitates flexible control of vehicle dynamics. has evolved considerably in the EV sector. This paper proposes a novel double-stator double-rotor motor (DSDRM) with a bidirectional flux modulation effect for in-wheel direct drive of EVs. https://foldlyers.shop/product-category/iphone-11/